Which of the following is considered a valid ongoing operational process in RDBMS?

In a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), performance monitoring is an ongoing operational process that plays a crucial role in ensuring the database operates efficiently. This involves continuously assessing how well the database is performing and identifying any potential issues that may affect its speed, responsiveness, or effectiveness in handling queries and transactions.

Effective performance monitoring allows database administrators to track key metrics such as query response times, resource usage (CPU, memory, I/O), and overall system workload. By analyzing this data, they can make informed decisions about optimizations, such as indexing strategies, adjusting configurations, or scaling resources. This ongoing attention helps maintain a high level of performance, which is essential for user satisfaction and the overall effectiveness of the information system.

Other processes, while important, are not necessarily ongoing in the same way that performance monitoring is. For example, data backup, while absolutely crucial, is typically performed at scheduled intervals instead of continuously. User training is also vital but usually occurs during specific sessions rather than as an ongoing process. System installation is a one-time event for setting up the RDBMS rather than an ongoing operational component.