Which design method emphasizes encapsulation and data abstraction in software development?

The design method that emphasizes encapsulation and data abstraction in software development is Object-Oriented Programming. This approach organizes software around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. It enables developers to model real-world entities and their interactions in a more intuitive way.

Encapsulation allows for bundling the data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit or class. By doing this, it provides a protective barrier that prevents external code from directly accessing the internal state of the object unless it is explicitly allowed through public methods. This reduces complexity, enhances security, and promotes modular design.

Data abstraction further supports Object-Oriented Programming by allowing developers to use complex data structures while hiding the details. It simplifies programming by allowing a focus on what an object does instead of how it does it. This means that users of the object can interact with it through defined interfaces without needing to understand the underlying implementation.

In contrast, other programming paradigms like functional, procedural, and logic programming do not prioritize encapsulation and data abstraction in the same way. Functional programming focuses on functions and immutability, procedural programming emphasizes a step-by-step approach using procedures or routines, and logic programming centers around formal logic and inference, none of which provide