What is a hacker?

A hacker is defined as an individual who utilizes technical skills to gain unauthorized access to systems. This definition encompasses various motivations and methods associated with hacking. Hackers may exploit vulnerabilities in software or networks to breach security and obtain sensitive information, manipulate systems, or disrupt services.

This definition highlights the critical aspect of unauthorized access, which underscores the often malicious or illicit nature of their actions. The term "hacker" can carry negative connotations, as it is frequently associated with cybercriminal activity, including data theft, identity fraud, and system sabotage.

In contrast to the other choices, a programmer focuses on writing and developing software without the implication of malicious intent. An ethical security consultant works within legal boundaries to assess and improve the security of systems, often acting as a safeguard against the very activities that hackers engage in. A government employee managing data may handle information responsibly and with necessary security protocols, but their role does not inherently involve hacking or unauthorized system access.

Thus, the characterization of a hacker revolves around their unauthorized actions, setting them apart from other roles within the tech and security sectors.